RESUMO
This editorial discusses the article written by Zheng et al that was published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. Our primary focus is on the causes, location, diagnosis, histological classification, and therapy of ectopic pancreas. Ectopic pancreas refers to the presence of pancreatic tissue that is situated in a location outside its usual anatomical placement, and is not connected to the normal pancreas in terms of blood supply or anatomical structure. Currently, the embryological origin of ectopic pancreas remains uncertain. The most prevalent form of ectopic pancreatic is gastric ectopic pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasonography examination can visualize the morphological characteristics of the ectopic pancreatic lesion and pinpoint its anatomical location. The histological categorization of ectopic pancreas evolves. Endoscopic treatment has been widely advocated in ectopic pancreas.
RESUMO
HER2 analysis in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may have clinical significance for HER2-targeted therapy as HER2-positive CTCs and disseminated tumor cells can be detected in patients with HER2-negative primary tumors who currently do not have access to HER2-targeted therapy. In this study, we performed quantitative analysis by confocal microscopy assay for evaluation of HER2 expression in individual tumor cells. HER2 testing by confocal microscopy assay exhibited high concordance with results of real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and FISH analysis. We found that there was a significant positive correlation between HER2 overexpression and gene amplification in individual CTCs, which provided validation of confocal microscopy assay for HER2 expression in CTCs. By using subsets of 10 consecutive cells (bins), we conclude that HER2 expression (3+) in CTCs predicts HER2 overexpression of tumor with high probability in breast cancer patients. These results may provide interpretive guidelines for HER2 status assay in CTCs and raise great opportunities for using CTCs as non-invasive and 'real-time' biopsy to examine and monitor the status of tumor markers.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/análise , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/genética , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patologia , Feminino , Amplificação de Genes/fisiologia , Dosagem de Genes , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Masculino , Microscopia Confocal , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/farmacologia , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Tumor dormancy is characterized by long-term persistence of cancer cells that do not grow into overt lesions. It is a common phenomenon detected in cancer patients, even in some healthy individuals. Long term existence of dormant tumor cells may contribute to tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms of tumor cell dormancy, and its correlation to cancer stem cells. We further summarized recent studies on molecular markers for tumor dormancy, which may offer new approaches of targeted therapies in cancer.
